Enron The Conspiracy Of Fools Essay - 1650 Words

The word â€Å"fraud† was magnified in the business world around the end of 2001 and the beginning of 2002. No one had seen anything like it. Enron, one of the country’s largest energy companies, went bankrupt and took down with it Arthur Andersen, one of the five largest audit and accounting firms in the world. Enron was followed by other accounting scandals such as WorldCom, Tyco, Freddie Mac, and HealthSouth, yet Enron will always be remembered as one of the worst corporate accounting scandals of all time. Enron’s collapse was brought upon by the greed of its corporate hierarchy and how it preyed upon its faithful stockholders and employees who invested so much of their time and money into the company. Enron seemed to portray that the goal of corporate America was to drive up stock prices and get to the peak of the financial mountain by any means necessary. The â€Å"Conspiracy of Fools† is a tale of power, crony capitalism, and company greed that lead Enron down the dark road of corporate America. When I was first deciding on what book I wanted to read, I came across a review for Kurt Eichenwald’s â€Å"Conspiracy of Fools† and I was intrigued. I was always interested in the Enron story and wanted to learn more about it, yet what I failed to research when I bought the book was how many pages it was. So I was surprised when I opened the package to see that the book was 675 pages long. 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transition faced by the children/young people Essay

Discuss the transition faced by the children/young people in your setting. Explain how the children and their parents/ carers are affected by these changes and reflect on the most appropriate ways to respond with reference to workplace policies and procedures. Suggest relevant further sources of information and support for the children, young people and their parents/ carers. Introduction This assignment will discuss the transitions faced by children and their parents including horizontal and vertical transitions. It will also explain planned and unplanned changes in children’s life and how children and their parents may influence by those changes as well as suggesting the most appropriate ways to respond to those changes using the†¦show more content†¦They may feel disoriented, unsettled and even anxious if they cannot finish a game or fantasy play. Reich Zaurta (2010) suggested children use different coping mechanisms to reduce their anxiety. Some showing challenging behaviour when others may carry on playing and ignore the instructions they have been given. However, in order to help these children, practitioners must understand the children’s point of view and to know children use those coping behaviour because they are unable to tolerate their emotions, therefore, practitioners should help the children to manage their emotions in order to b e more cooperative with transitions. Unplanned transition is the hardest for the children to cope with. As discussed by Stokes et al. (1999), a sensitive, responsive support needed more than ever when it was recognized that children and young people had experienced an unplanned transition such as bereavement. Whenever a child or adult is faced with traumatic life events, particularly the loss of a loved one, the ability to survive the emotional and physical pain associated with the event will be influenced by the individual’s level of personal resilience. Focusing entirely on their needs enables children to express their feelings, acknowledge their loss and develop skills to cope with their changed lives. Netmums (2013) suggested that children express their feelings of loss in different waysShow MoreRelatedEssay on Child and Young Person Development1179 Words   |  5 PagesAssessment Task – TDA 2.1 Child and Young Person Development Task 2 2.1. Describe with examples the kinds of influences that affect children and young people’s development, including: * Background * Health * Environment Background Children will come from a diverse range of backgrounds including family environments, cultures and circumstances. A child is at school from a very young age to late teens and during this time many families will go through significant changes,Read MoreUnderstand the Potential Effect of Transitions on Children and Young People’s Development.1181 Words   |  5 Pageseffect of transitions on children and young people’s development. 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Do i consider myself a leader or a manager Free Essays

It is said that a leader is â€Å"someone who people naturally follow according to their own choice, whereas a manager must be obeyed.   Leaders are people who do the right thing, and managers are people who do things right. Leaders are implored to do the right or moral or ethical thing to do, while managers, though not necessarily immoral or unethical in their actions and decisions, are more concerned with doing things in the right manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Do i consider myself a leader or a manager? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In business sense, the right manner would be the most cost-efficient, effective, and also, most profitable. Hence, there is blurry boundary between managers and leaders. (The Difference Between Management And Leadership). How do I consider myself—a leader or a manager? I think I function well in both roles. To start off managers keep things moving, leaders are more visionary, looking at things differently† (Miller) Author Miller reinforces the first view that managers are more focused on doing things right; thereby saying that managers take care of the daily grind of the operations of the organization. Leaders, on the other hand, are far-sighted, in such that they are more of visionaries, always looking towards the far-off rainbow. They inspire people to recognize this rainbow as a beautiful and noble vision, worth working for as a result and a process. Using this rainbow symbol, the managers do see, appreciate and recognize the rainbow as a vision worth reaching, but afterwards they get down immediately to planning, goal-setting and the whole gamut of organizing and management to start things moving. Managers prioritize on how things are done, while leaders emphasize on what should be achieved in the long run. Meanwhile, Farr comments on how some business writers and consultants remark that â€Å"leaders as more creative and valuable to an organization than managers† (Farr, 1997). Some managers are perceived to be too inclined in focusing on managing daily organizational activities, and making sure things are being done correctly.   However, some managers overlook opportunities, threats and trends, or external factors that affect the organization. As for me, looking at all these, I can say that I have tested myself on both roles. I have the vision and foresight of a leader in initiating projects, and at the same time, I am able to look into the simplest office procedure and manage people and the daily flow of operations since I am also meticulous by nature. In the end, it is helpful to keep in mind from moment to moment that it is not so much the stressors I face as a leader or a manager but how I see them and what I do with them that determine how much they are in my control. If people can change the way they see, they can change the way they respond. It is not only the major turning points in our lives that require us to adapt. Every day, in functioning as a manager and a leader, I face a range of moderately important to trivial obstacles and occurrences which I have to deal, and which may turn into a much larger problem than they need to be if I lose my perspective and balance of mind. REFERENCES Farr, J. Leadership Vs. Management: Do You Know the Difference? Business Leader Online. 1997. Sep Retrieved Oct. 13, 2006 at Miller, P. What’s The Difference Between Leaders and Managers? High Beam Research. Retrieved Oct. 13, 2006 The Difference Between Management And Leadership. University of Edinburgh: School of Engineering and Electronics. Retrieved Oct. 13, 2006 at: ;http://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/MENG/ME96/Documents/Intro/leader.html; ; ; ; ; How to cite Do i consider myself a leader or a manager?, Essay examples

Incentive Compatible Revenue Management

Question: Discuss about the Incentive Compatible Revenue Management. Answer: Introduction: The current report encompasses the development of a revenue management strategy in the context of Hilton Sydney Hotel for the financial year July 2017 to June 2018. In order to develop recommendations, it is necessary to consider several aspects confronting the hotel. Firstly, the market segmentation strategy of the hotel has been evaluated along with evaluation of the competitor set in the market. Moreover, the report focuses on critical evaluation of the external environment of Hilton Sydney Hotel, which would help in identifying the competitive position of the same. Furthermore, the demand forecasting strategy and channel analysis of the hotel has been conducted. Based on the output, the revenue manager has suggested an effective strategy that would help in improving the overall business performance of Hilton Sydney Hotel. Analysis of market segmentation of Hilton Sydney Hotel: In the words of Abrate Viglia (2016), market segmentation strategy provides the marketers with an opportunity for positioning the products and services to generate potential customers. Conventionally, the hotel industry goes through both peak and lean seasons in a particular financial year. Based on the two seasons, the hotel owners frame strategies like price and service packaging to maintain constant cash inflows (Afeche, 2013). The market segmentation strategy of Hilton Sydney Hotel is enumerated as follows: Behavioural segmentation: Hilton Sydney Hotel is a high class and elite service provider in Australia. IT has approximately 530 resorts in 78 global countries with strong brand reputation. With such available information in the minds of the customers, it is inevitable for the customers to develop a specific perception, behavioural aspect and knowledge towards the brand. Due to this, the hotel has formed an interesting customer segmentation based on their bard perceptions and knowl4dge. In this context, Agatz et al., (2013) stated that such knowledge and perception help in forming a niche in the high-end community. This has been the main reason that the Australian government and global firms select the brand to conduct their meetings and product launches respectively. As a result, the brand loyalty of the target customers remains resolute. In addition, the hotel has been planning to make investments in Myanmar, in which few people already possess pertinent knowledge of the global reputation of the hotel. Therefore, the management is planning to develop unique launch approach to avoid rivalry from the Asian hotels. Psychographic segmentation: This segmentation is based on the personal activities and lifestyle demand of the potential consumers (Azadeh, Hosseinalifam Savard, 2015). Hilton Sydney Hotel is situated in a place, which serves different market segments in a unique way. The standard of living in Sydney is high and the weather patterns in the tropical areas vary over the year. Therefore, this people spend their leisure time in different ways and outlook the services of the hotel from different perspectives. The main target customers of the hotel in Sydney comprise of the business travellers and visitors from global countries. Demographic segmentation: As commented by Bayoumi et al., (2013), the marketers make demographic segmentation based on occupation, age, race and education level. With the help of such segmentation, the marketers ascertain the preferences, needs and position of the target market. Hilton Hotel has developed an image of targeting the high profile customers of the global countries. Different celebrities, sports personalities, businesspersons and upper ranking politicians use the services of Hilton Sydney Hotel. The middle class individuals are unable to use the hotel services due to its aggressive pricing strategy. This depicts that the hotel needs to target the rich individuals or corporate houses that exist in the Australian market or the high-class foreign dignitaries and tourists. Such focus would help Hilton Sydney Hotel to maintain the desired profit margin (Cetin, Demirciftci Bilgihan, 2016). Cultural and geographic segmentation: This is the most important market segmentation strategy, in which Hilton Hotel Sydney packages its range of services according to the cultures of the customer destinations and geographical coverage. The marketers of Hilton Sydney Hotel segment the target customers based on cities, religions and territories. This is because the individuals generally protect their beliefs and cultures (Chen Schwartz, 2013). For instance, Hilton Sydney Hotel does not offer pork items in its menu list for the Islamic customers visiting Sydney. This is because the hotel has prepared special menu card for this group of people in order to provide with maximum satisfaction and convenience. Analysis of the competitor set: The major competitors of Hilton Sydney Hotel comprise of Four Seasons Hotel Sydney, Pier One Sydney Harbour and Amora Hotel Jamison Sydney. Four Seasons Hotel Sydney has segmented the target market, in which it mainly aims to target leisure, business and premium travellers. This comprises of the higher-class families and big corporate houses, as it positions itself in luxury living and prime location (Poutier Fyall, 2013).The hotel has strong brand recognition by making new technological innovations for enhancing the customer experiences. Hence, the service quality and operational strategy of the hotel is identical in nature to that of Hilton Sydney Hotel. However, the hotel does not market its services through social media and other sources, which has allowed Hilton Sydney Hotel to maintain competitive edge. Pier One Sydney Harbour is one of the luxurious hotels in Australia, which is built over the water. The hotel provides bizarre boutique accommodation to its customers in close proximity with the districts of Sydney. It has a Gantry restaurant and bar, which provides quality food and beverages coupled with a sense of heritage and ambience. However, the hotel does not promote its services through social media and the brand recognition is limited in Australia only. Amora Hotel Jamison Sydney is another luxury hotel, which offers luxurious accommodation facilities to its customers. The big shopping malls, dining and nightlife are on the doorsteps of the hotel, which has increased the occupancy rate of the hotel over the recent years. In addition, it has all sorts of facilities available for the hotel customers like restaurants, bars, spa, gym and swimming pool. It mainly targets the upper segment of the society, which includes both rich individuals and big corporate houses. The strategy is similar to that of Hilton Sydney Hotel; however, the organisation has no online portal and uses trip advisor to market its services. Analysis of the external environment of Hilton Sydney Hotel: The external environment of Hilton Sydney Hotel could be evaluated with the help of SWOT and PESTLE analyses. SWOT analysis: Strengths: Strong brand name and global image, which has helped in creating loyal customer base Large capacity of tangible property and real estate Adoption of most advanced technologies to address the needs of the customers and other stakeholders (Enz, Canina Noone, 2012) Weaknesses: Set-up costs and maintaining the daily operations for running a large hotel premise Expansion plans, which increase the need of new structures and buildings, result in rising cost Weak internal structures due to indifferent attitude of the management Opportunities: Emergence of new markets in African continent, in which it is anticipated that the industry would experience considerable growth Weak competition level due to support from media and other sources Introduction of new services in the form of additional rooms for increasing the hotel capacity and occupancy rate Threats: Instability in the political conditions of Australia might result in huge losses Rise in the prices of general items, which could increase the hotel cost in future The competitor are modifying their strategies to increase their presence in the Australian hospitality industry Loss of potential customers, as similar services would be available at cheaper cost (Gallego, Ratliff Shebalov, 2014) Table 1: SWOT analysis of Hilton Sydney Hotel (Source: As created by author) PESTLE analysis: Factors Analysis Political Stable political conditions in Australia and support from the government agencies to the hospitality industry of Australia Actively engaged in lobbying to influence certain political factors of Australia by spending nearly $1.5 million over the past four years (Kimes Wirtz, 2016) The terrorist attack in Australia is another major political issue in recent times, which could reduce the number of visitors in the nation Economic The conduction of Cricket World Cup in Australia and New Zealand has increased the rate of occupancy in Hilton Sydney Hotel. This is because many cricket fans have visited the nation, especially the Indians The fall in AUD in terms of USD by -0.30% in 2016 could significantly affect the profitability of Hilton Sydney Hotel Stable rate of inflation over the years, which depicts the stability of the economy and therefore, better potential for Hilton Sydney Hotel (Mauri, 2016). Social Constant support from media and other sources, which has reduced the competition level for Hilton Sydney Hotel Change in demography of Australia, which urges the need to change pricing strategies of the hotel (Noone, 2016). Rise in young consumers from China and India could offer potential opportunities to the hotel in increasing its sales revenue Technological Adoption of most advanced technological equipments to increase the convenience and comfort of thee guests Direct booking facilities available for the customers through online portal of Hilton Sydney Hotel (Hiltonsydney.com.au, 2016) Promotion through social media and trip advisor to attract more customers into the hotel Legal Rules related to immigration and processes of obtaining visa have become stringent in Australia. As a result, it has affected the business profitability of Australia indirectly Environmental Increase in the rate of carbon emission, which has aggravated the issues of global warming (Ovchinnikov Milner, 2012). Introduction of ISO 14000 series to maintain the quality of services, which could increase the expenditures of Hilton Hotel Sydney Table 2: PESTLE analysis of Hilton Hotel Sydney (Source: As created by author) Demand forecasting: Demand forecasting is a significant aspect for any organization as it tries to evaluate the future demand and thereby, tries to undertake necessary steps to increase the demand in the market (Guhlich et al., 2015). In this current scenario, Hilton Sydney Hotel has undertaken a demand-forecasting model to analyse their expected demand in the future. It is seen that the hotel initiates its demand forecasting by using the correct data. There are certain managers in hotels who try to bite off more they can chew. This step therefore involves the hotel management to look into the historical data from the system of the hotel, which shows the occupancy and the revenue for the past few years. The data from the last three years is an ideal situation and the management can undertake an accurate forecast. The most important that needs inclusion is the rate code, arrival and departure dates and profit earned each day. Another step Hilton Sydney carries out is the segmentation of the forecast into various groups. For example, the hotel can differentiate between the outline-booking customers who book hotels very early. It is seen that these customers are conscious about price and thus, they need to be analysed separately from the customers who book directly and are ready to pay more for the services in a hotel. The segmentation can further be done by making subsets of the customers who have similar behavior. It is important for Hilton Sydney to monitor closely their websites from time to time. The demand forecasting of Hilton can clearly be understood by evaluating the popularity of the hotel through the traffic in the website. This process can be a complex one, but it provides significant insight on the present and future demand. If a proper tracking is made by calculating the number of people visiting the site and the total number of bookings, a clear image about the true demand can be estimated (Kocabiyikoglu, Popescu Stefanescu, 2013). Hilton Sydney even monitors the upcoming events in the yearly calendar. It is of great importance to look into the upcoming events near the hotel. The list of events that can increase the demand for the hotel are the holidays like Christmas and New Years Eve, weekend etc. the major sporting events that are going to occur in that area also needs to be noted as these events even attract customers. The essential aspect is to understand how these events will influence the business and assign greater value to them. The historical data is crucial in finding out the list of annual events. Thus, the hotel can take necessary steps to by evaluating the pace of booking, type of rooms booked and the booking pattern so that a clear picture is available about when to estimate a rise in demand (Masiero, Pan Heo, 2016). The other step involves knowing their competitors better so that all the steps taken by the rivals are known and Hilton can take necessary steps to overpower them and maintain a competitive edge in the hotel business. Hilton Sydney even needs to maintain a proper partnership with the sales and marketing team so that they can influence and increase the amount of customers and bookings through promotional activities and advertisements (McKenna, 2014). Therefore, it is seen that Hilton Sydney requires evaluating their demand forecast by looking into all these aspects so that they can come to an efficient solution. Channel analysis: Channel analysis refers to the evaluation, which states that how and where the products or the services of a company should be sold. Three type of channel analysis can be seen in any kind of business. The first channel is to sell directly to the customers; the second channel is sell the product of service to the end customers through retailers or wholesaler and the last channel is to sell the product or the service to the end customers with the help of both first and second channel. As per the study, Hilton Sidney Hotel is one of the best luxurious hotels in Australia. The hotel offers a large variety of services to its customers; they are accommodation, bar and restaurant, health and beauty services, provides conference rooms for meetings and various events and many others. Thus, it can be seen that Hilton Sydney Hotel mainly offers various kind of services to their clients. Hence, the channel used for Hilton Sydney Hotel is the first cannel, which is to sell the services directly to the end customers. The hotel avails some advantages due to the selection of this particular channel. The details about the channel are discussed below: There are some reasons behind the selection of this particular channel as this channel has some major advantages. Firstly, the company operates in the sector industry. This is one of the main reasons to choose selling directly to the customers. The customers of the hotel include tourists, business people, people on holydays and many others. Selling directly the products to the customers gives the hotel the control over the sales procedure. The hotel can control the overall sales process as there is not any intermediary between the hotel and its customers. On the other hand, due to the absence of intermediaries, the various services of the hotel reach to its clients in reasonable price. However, there are some complexities in this particular channel. A large sales team is required in order to maintain the wholesale procedures, as there are no intermediaries. Hilton Sydney Hotel has a large and efficient sales team to take care of the sales procedure of the hotel. Secondly, the large number of customers of the hotel requires a quick and efficient service from the hotel side. One of the thumb rules of service industry is to deliver the product in time with great quality. Having the presence of intermediaries may take time deliver the product to the end customers. This is another important reason. Thirdly, the majority of the products of Hilton Sydney Hotel are sold to the premise of the hotel. Thus, it is suitable for the hotel not to go for any intermediaries as they the services are produced in the hotel. However, there are some intermediaries or whole sellers of the hotel to deliver various raw materials like materials for foods, garments for the clients and others; but Hilton Sydney Hotel does not use any intermediaries for their core services. Conclusion: Based on the above discussion, it has been evaluated that Hilton Sydney Hotel mainly targets the higher-class individuals and large corporate houses by providing superior quality services. The major strengths of the organisation include strong brand image and large capacity to accommodate its guests. However, the aggressive pricing structure and fall in AUD value might reduce the business profitability of the hotel in future. The hotel has designed a portal for the guests to sell its services directly to them. In addition, the constant support from media and other sources has helped the hotel to enjoy competitive advantage in the Australian hospitality industry. Recommendation of a potential revenue management strategy: In accordance with the above discussion, the most feasible revenue management strategy that would help Hilton Sydney Hotel to maximise its profit margin would be the yield management system. This strategy would help the hotel to analyse certain factors, which are discussed as follows: Booking patterns: By reviewing the booking patterns, the managers of Hilton Sydney Hotel could view a specific night three months in advance regarding the number of reservations, which came in from different market segments each day. With the help of this analysis, the managers could view the path of performing better in contrast to the current performance. Patterns of demand: The management of Hilton Sydney Hotel needs to accumulate information pertaining to historic demand. For instance, this information might include the methods of selling concierge rooms at a particular time of the year during a specific season. This data could be used to anticipate the future demand for the different market segments. This is the basic requirement of implementing yield management system to ensure effective functioning of the prposed strategy. Overbooking policy: By implementing the yield management strategy, Hilton Sydney Hotel could state its overbooking policy. This policy needs to include the level at which the management is intending to overbook for increasing the occupancy rate. For instance, overbooking policy could be conducted during the festive season of December to ensure the maximum occupancy rate of the hotel. Impact of price fluctuations: The yield management strategy would help the managers of Hilton Hotel Sydney to have a clear insight on the impact of price fluctuations on hotel demand. This is because the airlines increase or decrease their prices several times in a particular accounting year. Hence, the yield management strategy would help the managers of Hilton Sydney Hotel to be aware of the price charges and the impact it could bear on the demand of the hotel. References Abrate, G., Viglia, G. (2016). Strategic and tactical price decisions in hotel revenue management.Tourism Management,55, 123-132. Afeche, P. (2013). Incentive-compatible revenue management in queueing systems: optimal strategic delay.Manufacturing Service Operations Management,15(3), 423-443. Agatz, N., Campbell, A. M., Fleischmann, M., van Nunen, J., Savelsbergh, M. (2013). Revenue management opportunities for Internet retailers.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management,12(2), 128-138. Azadeh, S. S., Hosseinalifam, M., Savard, G. (2015). The impact of customer behavior models on revenue management systems.Computational Management Science,12(1), 99-109. Bayoumi, A. E. M., Saleh, M., Atiya, A. F., Aziz, H. A. (2013). Dynamic pricing for hotel revenue management using price multipliers.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management,12(3), 271-285. Cetin, G., Demirciftci, T., Bilgihan, A. (2016). Meeting revenue management challenges: Knowledge, skills and abilities.International Journal of Hospitality Management,57, 132-142. Chen, C. C., Schwartz, Z. (2013). On revenue management and last minute booking dynamics.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(1), 7-22. Enz, C. A., Canina, L., Noone, B. (2012). Strategic revenue management and the role of competitive price shifting. Gallego, G., Ratliff, R., Shebalov, S. (2014). A general attraction model and sales-based linear program for network revenue management under customer choice.Operations Research,63(1), 212-232. Guhlich, H., Fleischmann, M., Mnch, L., Stolletz, R. (2015). Revenue Management in a Multi-Stage Make-to-Order Production System.Available at SSRN 2718930. Hiltonsydney.com.au (2016). Retrieved 18 November 2016, from https://www.hiltonsydney.com.au/ Kimes, S. E., Wirtz, J. (2016). Revenue Management in Restaurants: Unbundling Pricing for Reservations from the Core Service. Kocabiyikoglu, A., Popescu, I., Stefanescu, C. (2013). Pricing and revenue management: The value of coordination.Management Science,60(3), 730-752. Masiero, L., Pan, B., Heo, C. Y. (2016). Asymmetric preference in hotel room choice and implications on revenue management.International Journal of Hospitality Management,56, 18-27. Mauri, A. G. (2016). Pricing and revenue management in hotel chains.The Routledge Handbook of Hotel Chain Management, 262. McKenna, R. (2014). Revenue management for hospitality tourism.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management,13(1), 74-76. Noone, B. M. (2016). Pricing for hotel revenue management: Evolution in an era of price transparency.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management. Ovchinnikov, A., Milner, J. M. (2012). Revenue management with end?of?period discounts in the presence of customer learning.Production and operations management,21(1), 69-84. Poutier, E., Fyall, A. (2013).Revenue management for hospitality and tourism. P. Legohrel (Ed.). Woodeaton: Goodfellow Publishers. Sigala, M. (2015). From demand elasticity to market plasticity: A market approach for developing revenue management strategies in tourism.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,32(7), 812-834. Teare, R. (2013). Revenue Management and Pricing: Case Studies and Applications.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. Wang, X. L. (2012). Relationship or revenue: Potential management conflicts between customer relationship management and hotel revenue management.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(3), 864-874.

Educational Software Reviews Essays - Busytown, Richard Scarry

Educational Software Reviews Software Titles reviewed here: 1) Elmo's Computer Phone 2) CD-ROM Suitcase 3) BusyTown Best Christmas Ever Elmo's Computer Phone Ages: 12 months - 3 years Price: $79.95 Distributor: Hilad 02 9700 9377 Publisher: Comfy Interactive Requirements: 486 DX, Win 95, 8 MB RAM, 4 X CD-ROM Rating: lllll Along with the Comfy keyboard this product is definitely the best tool to introduce children under three and a half years, to the joy of playing on a computer. It's also great for and all preschoolers who have not yet mastered mouse control. Using it is easy, you simply plug the phone in and move your keyboard to the side. The child operates the game displayed on the computer screen, by pressing buttons on the phone and listening to sound from the ear-piece and speaker. If you wish, the child can play using sound from the ear-piece only. This has the added advantage of reducing household noise. The game offers hours of enjoyable play for preschoolers and encourages them to recognize shapes, sounds, objects, colours, and body parts. They can play peek-a-boo, sing along and join Big Bird and Elmo in the activities they present. CD-ROM Suitcase Pic: BusyTo.bmp Ages: 3-7 years Price: $69.95 Distributor: Hilad 02 9700 9377 Publisher: Simon and Schuster Requirements: 486 DX, Win 95, 8 MB RAM, 4 X CD-ROM Macintosh: Power mac, System 7.1, 8 MB RAM, 4 X CD-ROM Rating: lllll Another bargain! This CD-ROM Suitcase from Simon and Schuster, contains 12 CD-ROMS for kids aged 3-7 years. Though these are older titles, there are enough top quality ones included to deliver top value for money. The disks include Richard Scarry's Busytown, How things Work in Busytown, How Many Bugs in a Box, More Bugs in Boxes, Alistair and the Alien Invasion, Earth 2U, Exploring Geography, Chicka Chicka Boom Boom, My Favourite Monster, Mooky Takes Manhattan, MacMillan Dictionary for Children and Road Construction Ahead. The most inappropriate game for Australia Money Town, features, US money. The other titles are of international interest however. Busytown for example giving kids practice in adding, subtracting, measuring, counting, patern matching, problem solving and early reading skills. Similarly 'How Things Work in Busytown' features eight activities that enable players to practice word recognition, vocabulary, pattern recognition, sequencing, community roles, problem solving, colour and counting skills in Busytown. 3) BusyTown Best Christmas Ever Pic: BestXmas.bmp Ages: 3-7 years Price: $49.95 Distributor: Hilad 02 9700 9377 Publisher: Simon and Schuster Requirements: Pentium 90, Win 95, 16 MB RAM, 4 X CD-ROM Macintosh: Power mac, System 7.1, 8 MB RAM, 4 X CD-ROM Rating: lll A latest release in the Busytown series based on the best-selling books by Richard Scarry, 'Busytown Best Christmas Ever', features a snow-covered Busytown for young players to explore. You join Huckle and Lowly to cut down and trim the Christmas tree, decorate the gingerbread, take a trip with Santa on his flying sleigh, and help Santa Bear finish all the toys. At the card shop you can make real Christmas ornaments, cards and gift tags. Click the shape you want to decorate and select designs and greetings by clicking the arrows, then dragging the designs onto the card, ornament of tag. You then print your creation and fold the paper in half to achieve a three dimensional effect. At the gift shop you can pick a story for Father Cat to read to you and on Christmas morning you help Huckle and Lowly give out the presents that Santa has left under the tree. Computers Essays

Free Essays on Symbolism Vs. Truth

Symbolism vs. Truth When society allows the manipulation of a sincerely earnest event, during a time when the people of this country long for relief; my inner being becomes greatly enraged. "Serious people with serious purpose": Kathleen Parker has summed the reaction of our society on 9-11-01 as a whole. Political correctness was nowhere insight when the thousands of people united with tremendous strength, absent of ethnics and colors, to overcome the mortal terror of losing our freedom. Everything has a symbolic meaning in one way or another, but the truth has only one–reality. Symbolizing the memorable photo of three New York City firefighters raising the American flag atop a pile of rubble at Ground Zero into a statue honoring the 343 fellow firefighters this country lost on 9-11 is a true show of Americanism, as long as this statue duplicates the actual photographic event. Kathleen Parker in, "Statue puts symbolism over truth", The Peoria Journal Star, Section A. 2, expresses her opini ons on symbolism over truth; I support her opinions fully, based on my beliefs and values of truth always being put first. Changing the reflection of three firefighters to symbolize the ethnic content in the fire department would be an unmerciful attempt to rob these men of the recognition for their loyalty, bravery, and respect that they deserve and a gross effort to take away their true God given identities. Haulk 2 With one notable difference. The three firefighters are still men (an oversight, I'm sure), but they are no longer white (Parker 2002). Three white men now become white, black, and Hispanic. Discrimination is evident by the idea of changing these men from white men to other ethnics and colors. Had the men been black, the outcome very well may have been different. Undeniably, this is a show of ethnics over honor, these three firefighters found a way to honor the many lives that were taken on 9-11 and the politically corr... Free Essays on Symbolism Vs. Truth Free Essays on Symbolism Vs. Truth Symbolism vs. Truth When society allows the manipulation of a sincerely earnest event, during a time when the people of this country long for relief; my inner being becomes greatly enraged. "Serious people with serious purpose": Kathleen Parker has summed the reaction of our society on 9-11-01 as a whole. Political correctness was nowhere insight when the thousands of people united with tremendous strength, absent of ethnics and colors, to overcome the mortal terror of losing our freedom. Everything has a symbolic meaning in one way or another, but the truth has only one–reality. Symbolizing the memorable photo of three New York City firefighters raising the American flag atop a pile of rubble at Ground Zero into a statue honoring the 343 fellow firefighters this country lost on 9-11 is a true show of Americanism, as long as this statue duplicates the actual photographic event. Kathleen Parker in, "Statue puts symbolism over truth", The Peoria Journal Star, Section A. 2, expresses her opini ons on symbolism over truth; I support her opinions fully, based on my beliefs and values of truth always being put first. Changing the reflection of three firefighters to symbolize the ethnic content in the fire department would be an unmerciful attempt to rob these men of the recognition for their loyalty, bravery, and respect that they deserve and a gross effort to take away their true God given identities. Haulk 2 With one notable difference. The three firefighters are still men (an oversight, I'm sure), but they are no longer white (Parker 2002). Three white men now become white, black, and Hispanic. Discrimination is evident by the idea of changing these men from white men to other ethnics and colors. Had the men been black, the outcome very well may have been different. Undeniably, this is a show of ethnics over honor, these three firefighters found a way to honor the many lives that were taken on 9-11 and the politically corr...

Remedies and Replacements of Trustees Case Study

Remedies and Replacements of Trustees - Case Study Example A variant of this type of trust is an accumulation and maintenance trust, which is also termed as a grandchildren's trust. Its use is to benefit a particular child or children who are under a specified age, when they become entitled to the income by right and frequently to the capital also. The trust deed, at times will give the trustees certain discretionary powers permitting them to decide as to which of the beneficiaries will receive the income or capital of the trust. The trust deed generally gives clear instructions as to the trustees' administrative powers for routinely dealing with trust property. In our case, since, the trust deed is silent with regard to the administrative powers of the Trust the law will take its own course for proper administration of the trust. Seven years ago, Cathy took 50,000 from the trust and used it on a new kitchen and a conservatory. If the trustee becomes bankrupt or dies, or the trustee transfers assets in breach of trust then the beneficiaries have the right to claim their equitable ownership of the trust assets against the trustee's trustee in bankruptcy in other words the individual appointed by the court who takes charge of a bankrupt person's assets, or his personal representative on death, or the transferee of trust assets transferred in breach of trust. Two of Georgina's grandchildren who were alive at her death, namely Estelle, now aged 21 years and Peter, now aged 23 years came to know that the Trust property was misappropriated by Cathy. Since, seven years ago Estelle and Peter were minors and also they came to know about this fraud o nly recently, the limitation for claiming their rights begins from the day from which they came to know about this fraud. Hence, they can proceed against Cathy's court appointed trustee in order to recover 50,000. In Barnes v Addy, it was held that a third party may be liable as constructive trustee if it "receives and becomes chargeable with some part of the trust property" , this is known as the first limb or knowing receipt or where they "assist with knowledge in a dishonest and fraudulent design on the part of the trustees", this is termed as the second limb or knowing assistance; which held that tracing, may provide a proprietary remedy to the plaintiff along with the personal liability of the defendant including return of property (Barnes v Addy, 1874). The beneficiaries' interest in the trust money binds not only Cathy but also her successors in title, including volunteers who either receive trust property or its traceable proceeds. Hence the trust amounts paid to Bob by Cathy can be fully recovered at the suit of the beneficiaries. The remedy available to Estelle and Peter is that they can move the court to transfer the Tippit shares, in which Bob had invested their trust money, and hand over the painting for value to them. Bob invested the amount of 40,000, which was given by Cathy under the pretext that she had won the amount in a lottery. Bob added 20,000 of his money to the bank account without knowing the fraud committed by Cathy. Since he is an innocent third party his liability is limited to the amounts given to him by Cathy. In 2004 Bob withdrew 20,000 and bought a painting whose value is 5,000 at present. In respect of this painting the law will keep track of its value

HRM and absence Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HRM and absence Management - Essay Example In fact in some organizations a culture of absence exists, contends Hayton (2010). It has been found that regular illness occurs on a Monday or a Friday although Monday is a better option for an extended weekend with absenteeism being recorded at 35% against 3 percent on Fridays (Gray, 2010). However, the Office for National Statistics finds that that days lost to sickness were fairly evenly spread across the weekdays (Barham & Begum, 2005). Employers are becoming aware of the direct and indirect cost to organization due to high levels of absenteeism. If absenteeism is left unchecked it impacts organizational morale and productivity (HRM Guide, 2001). Organizations now do have absence management policies but these policies must examine the causes of absence and take remedial action. While devising the policies it must be recognized that employees can be genuinely ill also. Hayday (2006) contends that a certain amount of absence is a part of working life and any absent management poli cy must provide support to those who are legitimately absent. At the same time non-legitimate absence has to be discouraged because absenteeism is proving to be costly for both private and public organizations. The cost of sick-notes in the UK has reached GBP 750 million in lost working days (Macnab, 2011). The number of workers facing disciplinary action has doubled since 2010 and thousands of workers have been dismissed because of poor attendance. More than 17 million days have been lost as a result of workers reporting sick over the last five years. The situation is the same in both the private and the public sector, says Macnab but Thomas (2010) contends that the absence costs are higher in the public sector at ?685 per head for 2009 against ?455 in the private sector services and ?545 in manufacturing and production. NHS Lothian faced a loss of GBP 17 million due to absenteeism in the past five years. Unscheduled worker absenteeism results in about 2 to 4 percent loss of workin g time (Bridges & Mumford, 2001). A study of absenteesim across genders reveals that women with dependents are less likely to be absent but those with children below the age of 2 years would frequently absent from work. One of the most respected surveys of UK absence conducted by CBI/Pfizer Absence and workplace health survey revealed that the economy lost 190 million working days to absence in 2010 with each employee taking about 6.4 days of sick on an average (Paton, 2011). This results in direct cost of ?17 billion to the economy while it does not include the indirect cost such as lower customer service and reduced productivity. Another survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers argues that the average UK salary stands at ?25,000 which means the absenteeism was costing the economy approximately ?32 billion per year based on the finding that an average worker took about ten days of unscheduled absence. This figure too does not take into account the potential replacement costs and the lost p roductivity. The survey results may differ on the figures but what is evident is that unscheduled absenteeism is taking a toll on businesses and demands immediate attention. One in three workers in the UK abuse sick days at work costing the UK economy some ?32 billion (Clarke, 2011). However, handovers and good weather are cited as reasons for absenteeism. Some even plan their vacations in advance and fake symptoms by appearing for work with props to justify their sickness. This report by PwC suggests that a large part of this loss is preventable. One of the ways is to introduce flexible working hours. Hayday (2006) divides the causes of absence under four clusters – health and lifestyle, attitude and stress, workplace, and domestic and kinship.

Egyptian god Osiris Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Egyptian god Osiris - Essay Example Also remarkable about Osiris, he once took on a human form and existed on earth (Hill). In addition, as a mythological deity, he was characterized as a bearded man with white mummy wrappings bearing the Atef crown and the Flial and Crook at hand; these two symbolized supreme power. His supreme power was recognition as the representation of resurrection and eternal life. In addition, in his representations, he had green or red skin to signify vegetation or earth respectively. Another attribute he was associated with is the source of wealth and fertility (Deurer). In some legends, Horus is recognized as his son who took vengeance for his death by casting Set away to the desert. Part of this legend states that after Set had chopped Osiris’ body to pieces, Isis found the pieces and pleaded with the god, Re to bring him back to life. Since he was already dead, Osiris’ body was put back together in a mummy, and he was made god of the dead; therefore, his responsibility was as judge of the souls of the dead. The living pharaoh is materialized by Horus while the dead pharaoh is materialized by Osiris. This divine kinship arises from his two separate roles as king of the dead and provider of fertility (Wigington). Horus came about from the coming together of Osiris and Isis who were twins. He was looked to for advice on agricultural matters as the flooding of the Nile, which added nutrients to the soil making it fertile, was ascribed to him. The annual cycle of flooding, planting and harvesting was attributed to him, as it was believed he had life-giving powers. There exists a folklore, which points the changing of ancient Egyptians from cannibalism to Osiris, as his wisdom and advice brought about agricultural practices. This made him be accredited for the evolution of Egyptians to a civilized way of life (â€Å"Osiris- God of Fertility and Renewal†). Further civilizations ascribed to him include ways of worshipping the gods and instituting of laws. During

Singapore Assessing the impact of the regionalization strategy

Singapore Assessing the impact of the regionalization strategy Has the regionalization strategy succeeded in sustaining Singapores economic competitiveness in Asia for the period from 1995 to 2010? Explain your answer with supporting evidence. The formulation of national strategies to leverage upon global resources for economic development has always been part and parcel of Singapores drive to engender continued economic growth since independence in 1965, based upon the reallocation of economic resources via the Developmental State Model (Evans, 1995). To this end, the Singapore government engaged in foreign direct investment (FDI)-oriented growth models from the 1960s to the 1990s, investing in education, healthcare, and infrastructure to achieve economic growth and enhance the countrys economic competitiveness through the creation of a secure and pro-business environment. (Yeung, 2001) State investment on infrastructure and human capital was also seen as a means of benefiting from developmental effects such as the generation of employment, earning of foreign currency, and transfer of technological or managerial expertise (Chang, 1999). The subsequent onset of globalisation and advances in information and communication technologies (ICT) from the 1980s onwards led to structural changes among the economies of the developed world, necessitating a shift from labour-intensive, low value-added manufacturing towards high-tech, high value-added industries and financial services. At the same time, several governments in the region, including those of Malaysia and Indonesia, sought to liberalise their economies and capitalise on lower average labour, land, and raw material costs in order to attract foreign investors (Tongzon, 1998), emulating the FDI-oriented strategies adopted previously by the economies of Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. By 1990, rising labour and land costs in Singapore had led many transnational corporations to relocate their lower value-added operations to the regional newly-industrialising economies (NIEs), where overall operating costs were lower by as much as 75%. (Kumar Lee, 1991) The Singapore governments response vis-Ã  -vis this rising competition for capital investment in the industrial and manufacturing sectors was to ensure Singapores continued relevance in the new global marketplace despite her resource constraints and limited domestic market (Singapore Economic Development Board (SEDB), 1995a) by implementing new national strategies for economic development, marking the onset of the regionalisation strategy, aimed at creating an external economy through participation in the dynamic growth opportunities of regional economies in the Asia Pacific. (SEDB, 1995b). This essay aims to demonstrate that the regionalisation strategy has succeeded to a large extent in sustaining Singapores economic competitiveness in Asia for the period from 1995 to 2010, given its central role in facilitating Singapores transition from an export-oriented manufacturing centre to a knowledge-based economy and global business hub in the Asia Pacific, although it should be recognis ed that these regional initiatives do not reduce Singapores external dependence but instead augment her economic vulnerabilities. Regionalisation 2000 To harness external economic space and overcome local supply-side constraints (Regionalisation Forum Proceedings, 1993), the concept of Regionalisation 2000 was introduced in the 1990s to encourage greater investment and business in the Asia Pacific region, rationalised by the liberalisation of foreign investment controls occurring in large Asia Pacific markets such as China, Vietnam, and Indonesia, and by the high growth rates being achieved by these economies. (Okposin, 1999) Explicitly designed to enhance Singapores competitiveness within the regional and global economies (Wong Ng, 1997) given Singapores decreasing comparative advantages in the industrial and manufacturing sector due to its significantly higher labour, land, and raw material costs vis-Ã  -vis the Asian NIEs, Regionalisation 2000 consisted of programmes for creating a knowledge- and service-based economy via four main regional initiatives comprising regional headquartering, regionalisation of local enterprises, r egional investment, and regional industrialisation, with regional investments and regional industrialisation projects constituting the major transnational aspects of Singapores regionalisation drive. According to the Economic Development Board (1995), The strategic intent of the regionalization programme is to build an external economy that is closely linked to and which enhances the domestic economy by participating in the growth of Asia. This programme seeks to form a network of strategic zones in key markets with emphasis on building good linkages between our regional projects and domestic clusters. (SEDB, 1995, p. 8) The regionalisation strategy should therefore be conceptualised as an economic programme explicitly designed to carve out a new economic niche for sustaining Singapores competitiveness and relevance, particularly during a period when its former economic strength in manufacturing was being eroded by rising competition with Asian NIEs and structural changes in the world economy. In this regionalisation drive, as in prior economic development programmes, state intervention and collaboration played an important role, with the governments regional headquartering and regionalisation of local enterprises programmes representing instances of state intervention within national boundaries. Construed as the twin objectives of further internationalizing Singapores indigenous firms and assisting the transnational restructuring and cost-competitive endeavours of hosted foreign TNCs in an adaptive context (xxx), the government aimed to encourage foreign and local enterprises to invest and establish business ventures in the region, using Singapore as a headquarters for high value-added operations such as product development, customer support, and financial services. To this end, the government has invested in institutional infrastructure and the enhancement of local factors of production such as workforce quality (Ho, 2000), offering tax incentives and supporting services in its self-conceived role as stakeholder, facilitator, and partner (Perry Yeoh, 2000) to strengthen the competitive advantages of transnational corporations and domestic enterprises in their outward expansion into the region. To complement regional headquartering and the regionalisation of local enterprises, regional investment and regional industrialisation programmes were introduced to further facilitate Singapores embrace of economic globalisation through investment-driven economic growth (Porter, xxx) and economic restructuring through the relocation of local low value-added industries to Singapore-managed industrial parks in the region. Noting how some transnational corporations had been reluctant to relocate operations from Singapores secure business environment to the emerging NIEs due to a scarcity of high-quality industrial infrastructure and management (Kumar Lee, 1991), the Singapore government sought to build and manage industrial parks across Asia at locations such as Batam in Indonesia, Suzhou and Wuxi in China, at Bangalore in India, and in Thailand and Vietnam, combining Singapores expertise in industrial development with the low cost of regional land, labour, and raw materials, whilst ma ximising the use of savings and state revenue through investment in regional investments to further profit from the economic growth in Asia. Serving as interesting examples of government intervention outside of national boundaries, given their transnational nature, the governments intention to export Singapores expertise in industrial infrastructure development across the region (Perry, 1995) is therefore implicit in the regionalisation strategy, promoting regional economic linkages and the concept of Singapore Incorporated based upon close cooperation between the Singapore government and a wide range of Singapore business entities. Has the regionalization strategy succeeded in sustaining Singapores economic competitiveness in Asia for the period from 1995 to 2010? Explain your answer with supporting evidence. Regionalisation 2000- A Success? According to the Singapore Department of Statistics (2011), the first 15 years of the regionalisation drives implementation from 1995 to 2010 was characterised by overall strong GDP growth, from S$124,581.8m in 1995 to S$284,560.7m in 2010, with Singapore registering double-digit growth in 2010 from the previous year. Negative economic growth, however, occurred in the years 1998, 2001, and 2009, following poor regional or global economic performance, and this is attributable to Singapores vulnerabilities and dependence on external economies for economic growth. In terms of real economic growth, the states economic transition into a knowledge-based economy is evident from Figure 1, given the overall decreasing percentage share of manufacturing in GDP from the years 2000 to 2010, whilst business and financial services together account for approximately 22 percent of GDP as of 2010, on par with the percentage share held by manufacturing alone. FDI in Singapore has grown from strength to strength, pointing to a successful sustenance of foreign investment inflows by the governments regional headquartering strategies aimed at attracting high value-added industries and investment to enhance Singapores niche as a global business hub in the Asia Pacific. From 1995 to 2005, FDI in Singapore more than tripled from S$93b to S$311b, representing an average growth of 13% per annum, with FDI in professional, technical, administrative, and support services gaining importance and increasing from 1.7% to 3.1%. (Singapore Department of Statistics (SingStat), 2007). Europe, Asia, and North America constituted important sources of FDI, accounting for up to 82% of the total, with Asian FDI more than doubling from S$31b to S$74b (SingStat, 2007). Of this FDI, 87% was concentrated in diversified sectors such as financial and insurance services, high value-added manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, electronics, and petrochemicals, wholesale and retail trade, and hotels and restaurants, reflecting Singapores attractiveness to foreign investors as a business hub (SingStat, 2007). It can be surmised, therefore, that Regionalisation 2000 has succeeded in this regard, ensuring Singapores transformation into a regional business hub in the global market, sustaining its economic competitiveness in Asia through the creation of new economic niches in product development, customer support, and financial services for foreign and local enterprises. The other transnational aspect of Singapores regionalisation programme has, however, proved less successful. Direct investment abroad by Singapore has not managed to exceed levels of FDI in Singapore itself (Figure 3), indicating that the regional headquartering programme along with FDI were responsible to a large extent for Singapores economic growth over the past 15 years. The onset of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1998, in particular, significantly negated the regional industrialisation, regionalisation of local enterprises, and regional investment programmes, causing many projects to suffer financial loss due to a severe contraction in demand for industrial products from both consumers and producers in the region. (Henderson, 1999) Still, despite no actual reports of the regional industrialisation programme being profitable (xxx), and the absence of verifiable information on Singapores investment performance by Temasek Holdings and GIC in the long period spanning 1995 to 2010, it can be argued that the regional industrialisation programme was designed to supplement the domestic economy in the long run, since infrastructural projects require large initial investments of capital resources. The regional industrialisation programme brought about positive economic benefits, not least for those companies which relocated their lower value-added operations to the regional industrial parks, facilitating Singapores shift towards a higher-tech and higher value-added economy. In the case of the Batam Industrial Park, most of the enterprises that chose to occupy these it generally established additional units instead of shifting all operations overseas, and also tended to upgrade the remainder of their operations in Singapore (Kumar Lee, 1991) Furthermore, investors located in Singapore-developed industrial parks were reported to be highly satisfied with the operation and management of these industrial parks, especially in terms of cost savings (Kumar Lee, 1991). The regional industrialisation and regionalisation of local enterprises programmes thus served as strategic outlets for transnational and local corporations to reduce operating costs and improve profit margins, sustain ing Singapores economic competitiveness and relevance in the region to a large extent despite the limits of state intervention in transnational business environments. Instead of focusing solely on profits generated, a long-term view of Singapore Inc. indicates that it is built upon strong business fundamentals, as exemplified by the sound infrastructure and superior administration of the regional industrial parks. These offer the potential of future profits for the Singapore government in times of strong manufacturing demand for industrial products, having proven its feasibility based on the high take-up rate of industrial space in Singapore-developed industrial parks prior to the crisis, and growing demand for industrial units after 1999 (xxx). Evaluating Regionalisation 2000- A Success to a Large Extent Singapores regionalisation drive has therefore exposed her external dependence and vulnerabilities with regards to the external economic environment, which most negatively affected the regionalisation programme, rather than failings in the strategy itself. In contrast to the domestic success of the regional headquartering programmes in attracting FDI to Singapore, the experience of Singapores regionalisation strategy overseas has shown that the achievement of national competitiveness in the global economy cannot be brought about by the states policies and support alone, with the external environment and availability of global opportunities playing an equally important role, given the states limitations in economic, political, and social resources, and factors beyond its control in the regional economy and investor confidence. The Suzhou Industrial Park, in particular, has often been alluded to as an example of a foreign venture gone wrong, with the Singapore government divesting its ownership and management of the Park to the Suzhou municipal authorities. Much media attention has also been devoted to the financial losses incurred by Temasek Holdings in foreign investments and acquisitions, and these notable examples further demonstrate that the success of Singapores regionalisation drive does depend to a large extent on international economic cycles. The regionalisation strategy, though, has succeeded to a large extent in sustaining Singapores economic competitiveness in Asia for the years 1995 to 2010, mainly due to its success in ensuring Singapores continued relevance in the global economy by exploiting new economic niches. The overseas regionalisation initiatives hold the promise of success given their strong fundamentals, and possess potential for much greater returns, if not much greater risks, and are instrumental in Singapores embrace of economic globalisation if she desires not to be out-competed by NIEs in the region. Indeed, the main thrust of Singapores economic development since independence has been to thrive in change, and the overall success of the regionalisation programme is reflected in Singapores been ranked the worlds easiest place to do business. Singapore, too, is ranked among the top few when it comes to cities with best investment potential, foreign trade and investment, business legislation and efficiency, quality of human capital, and minimal corruption. (SEDB, 2011) To further sustain and improve its regional economic competitiveness in the years ahead would require Singapore to further improve its attractiveness to foreign FDI, given its success so far, particularly in the services sector, which is still relatively underdeveloped, and regional tourism, which is also seeing success since the opening of the two Integrated Resorts, with overall visitor numbers to Singapore increasing and reaching a peak of approximately 11m in 2010 (SingStats, 2011), indicating its potential. The years from 1995 to 2010 have also afforded the government extensive opportunities to adapt and modify its transnational investment strategies for maximal success in differing socio-political environments, allowing future success. Conclusion Singapore has, over the years, proven itself capable of mobilising economic, social, and political resources to create economic space, despite its resource constraints and small domestic market. Through regionalisation, it has managed to tap into the lower land, labour, and raw material costs of neighbouring NIEs in the region, ensuring its economic dominance through export of the Singapore Inc. concept throughout Asia and the world, making Singapore a top choice for transnational and local enterprises to do business today. The regionalisation strategy has therefore succeeded to a large extent in sustaining Singapores regional economic competitiveness since its onset, despite the cultural and political complexities of external economies diminishing the efficiency and commercial viability of overseas ventures in tandem with the uncontrolled external environment. These difficulties, however, are outweighed by the potential successes these ventures can bring if the Singapore government manages to learn from its errors, successfully creating an external economy which serves as a launching pad for Singapore into the global economy.

Australia :: History

Australia  ¡Ã‚ §The Portuguese were the first to discover the East Coast of Australia ¡Ã‚ ¨ In Australian history books, it has been thought for hundreds of years that Captain Cook from England was the first to discover the east coast of Australia on 28th April 1770. However latest evidence shows that this historic event is inaccurate. A number of relics and remains have been found which indicate the Portuguese arrival at Australia in the early to mid 1500 ¡Ã‚ ¦s, 200 years before Cook. These clues include the Mahogany Ship, a Portuguese caravel that was shipwrecked six miles west of Warrnambool; a stone house at Bittangabee Bay; the Dieppe map, a secret map drawn by the Portuguese; a cannon and five keys found in Geelong. The shipwreck of Mahogany Ship remains Warrnambool ¡Ã‚ ¦s first shipping disaster. The Mahogany Ship is believed to be a Portuguese caravel lost in 1522 in Warrnambool under the command of Cristovao de Mendonca. Prince Henry, the ruler of Portugal at that time, had sent Mendonca and his crew to Australia in order to discover unfound land on the other side of the world that he had located on the French Map, the Dieppe Map that the Portuguese had stolen and copied. Many people believed that the world was a flat saucer but Prince Henry believed that the world was a sphere. Prince Henry wanted to find out if there was in fact such land over the other side of the world as Australia, if it was inhabited and if there was any treasure or valuable things there. This journey had to be kept a secret because the Portuguese were breaking an agreement that they had made with the Spanish. The agreement stated that the Spanish and Portuguese had half of the world each to explore but they could not explore past their boundaries. Mendonca and his crew set out from Portugal in the 1500 ¡Ã‚ ¦s to find out about this new territory. Unfortunately the Mahogany ship was shipwrecked at Warrnambool in Victoria, Australia. Twenty-seven people reported that they saw the Mahogany Ship sink however no one ever found the remains of the caravel. It has been believed that a great storm last century had buried the ship in sand, under sand dunes, but also the last timbers might have been burnt by whalers and locals who were in need of firewood. In July 1999, Mr. Des Williams discovered some wood buried three metres underneath the sand dunes between Warrnambool and Port Fairy.

Advanced Criminology

Anthropological research data has shown the violence is an inherent conduct among the primate species (Walker, 2001).   In society, criminal violence is a common occurrence and legislators have suggested that the behavior of criminals be analyzed in order to identify any psychological patterns that are consistent among these particular types of individuals.In the past few decades, neurobiologists have proposed that an individual’s condition, which encompasses empathy, morality and free will, is holistically influenced by the frequency of stimulation and assembly of the neurons of an individual.   Such notion is contradictory to the concept of Cartesian dualism, which states that the brain and the mind are two independent entities that coordinate with each other.To date, the accumulation of research reports from the field of neuroscience is gradually affecting the concepts and effectivity of the justice system because of the shifting in the concept of human behavior and res ponse to different stimuli.   Neuroscience has influenced our current understanding of the multiple factors that govern violent behavior among criminals.NATURE VERSUS NURTURE THEORY OF CRIMEThe theory of nature versus nurture pertains to the controversy on whether inherent qualities of a biological organism, which is depicted as â€Å"nature†, is related or influenced by the experiences, condition or situation of that particular species (â€Å"nurture†).   The concept the human being develop specific behavioral patterns based on their environment is termed tabula rasa or blank state.This notion is considered to be a major influence in the development of an individual.   These external settings of an individual play a major role in the psychology of an individual, including his anti-social, aggression and criminal behavior.It has thus been questioned for several decades whether criminals are born or could these particular individuals emerge after successive events in their lives that result in the transformation of a normal individual to a criminal.To date, there is much debate over the mechanism behind the entire concept of criminality.   Biologically or non-biologically influenced, criminality remains an elusive subject that still needs to be comprehensively analyzed.The 19th century classic report of Phineas Gage regarding the anti-social behavior that emerged after massive damage of the prefrontal cortex of his brain from a railroad accident is now considered as the birth of the field of forensic neurology (Harlow, 1848).Today, computerized imaging of his fractured skull has shown that the autonomic and social nerve systems are the specific damages that were affected, thus resulting in a totally different individual.   Such observation, together with research results gathered from war veterans, has led to the conclusion that violent criminal behavior is caused by injuries to the frontal lobe of the brain.  It has then been proposed that injury to the prefrontal cortex of the brain causes a condition that has been coined as acquired sociopathy or pseudopsychopath (Blair and Cipolotti, 2000).   It is interesting to know that there is an 11% reduction in the size of the grey matter of the prefrontal cortex among patients diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder (APD) (Raine et al., 2000).A related observation has also been observed between intelligence and alterations in the grey matter of the prefrontal cortex.The temporal lobe of the brain has also been determined to influence an individual’s emotional response and aggression, wherein lesions in the amygdale of the temporal lobe result in an individual’s failure to recognize fear and sadness among the faces of other people (van Elst et al., 2001).The connection between the decreased expression of the monoamine oxidase A enzyme and reactive violence has already been established (Caspi et al., 2002).Monoamine oxidase A is responsible for t he catabolism of monoamines such as serotonin (5-HT).   The working hypothesis currently accepted is that the prefrontal-amygdala connection is altered, resulting in a dysfunctional aggressive and violent behavior, resulting in criminality in particular individuals.Earnest A. Hooton (1887 – 1954) is a highly acclaimed physical anthropologist and evolutionist.   Much of his work focused on interindividual variations based on physiological and anatomical characteristics, including measurements of buttock-knee lengths as the main basis for constructing seats for the Pennsylvania railway trains.Hooton was also recognized for his concepts in primatology and comparative anatomy as basis for explaining differences in the human as well as primate species.He was successful in describing a primary race, of which can be further subdivided in several racial subtypes.   He is a proponent of the concept of eugenics, which involves genetic selection of traits that are deemed beneficia l to the current population.The field of eugenics has been an interest in the field of biology and medicine because it facilitates the creation of new haplotypes that may be positively selection in the course of evolution.Hooton’s work is also significant to our current scientific concept of crime because he persistently attempted to prove that criminal have biologically distinct characteristics from non-criminals.His anthropological work on physical differences based on a population of approximately 13,873 male prisoners from 10 different states across the United States.   His results strengthened his claim on the biological causes of violence and aggression and that his claimed that criminal behavior is a simple representation of an inferior type of human species that has degenerated.Unfortunately, Hooton was inadequate in integrating the concept of population genetics into his research because he haphazardly took 3,023 men from the general population to conduct a compara tive analysis of physical differences.   His measurement of foreheads, eyelids, ears, cheekbones, jaws, chins and shoulders resulted in a confusing supportive evidence for his claim.He explained in one of his published works that biology plays a major role in the development of individuals and society and that the environment is wrongly blamed for any failure that befalls an individual (Hooton, 1939).The research claim of Hooton had sparked more effort into determining the basis behind criminality.   Other researchers from different fields of specialization ridicules Hooton’s work, describing it as the comical attempt in defining criminal behavior.The general reaction to Hooton’s claim that criminals are biologically inferior was condemned.   Sociologists refused to accept the notion that physical unattractiveness is strongly correlated to criminal behavior.The advent of eugenics in combination with criminality has sparked interest in designed specialized techniq ues that may be applied to individuals that show physical and anatomical features that are consistently observed among criminals.An advocate of Hooton’s concept on the physical basis of criminality would assertively promote selective management of populations in order to eventually generate a prime standard of individuals in the next generation that is distinct from the features that Hooton described that are strongly correlated with criminality.   An advocate of the biological connection of criminality would employ the concept of eugenics in screening individuals that show a potential to show criminal and anti-social behavior.   To make things more complex, the features that Hooton described may also be used as criteria in admission to schools and workhouses.An extreme reaction would even results in construction of facilities that would enclose candidates or suspects for criminal behavior.   A biological discrimination would thus be observed and this unfair basis of sc reening individuals would create more chaos in society.Eugenics may also be translated as a screening tool in picking which criminals will be kept in prison and which individuals will be freed and this action will be mainly based on the biological features of whether the criminal may be rehabilitated or transformed into a normal non-aggressive person.The so-called degenerate individuals would be kept off the streets in order to prevent interaction with non-degenerate individuals, as well as to prevent future crimes in the community.   In addition, society would be introduced to the option of strictly selecting partners for marriage because they will be taught to pick partners that show obvious physical differences from the consensus physical features of criminals.THE GENERAL THEORY OF CRIMEThe self-control theory as proposed by Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) couples an argument regarding the driving force behind criminality and the features of a criminal act.   Gottfredson and H irschi contend that crime is similar to other out of control and unlawful actions such as alcoholism and smoking because it generates in an individual a temporary yet immediate feeling of gratification.This kind of action is created by a condition that is characterized by low self-control.   The authors claim that the condition of having poor self-control is an innate condition that is set in place during the early childhood at around 7 or 8 years of age.   In relation to the mechanism behind criminality, the authors explain that crime is a straightforward action to results in gratification in an individual.Such perception of crime is associated with a number of implications to the general theory of crime.   Firstly, the general theory of crime presents that crime is an uncomplicated action that does not need any strategic preparation or intricate knowledge.Secondly, the general theory of crime is related to a number of elements that are included in the theory of routine activ ities because just like other uncontrolled acts, crimes are not planned and it is easy for individuals with low self-esteem to be easily motivated to commit such acts.In addition, criminality is strongly influenced by external factors such as the scarcity of easy targets as well as the presence of associates that are capable of helping or even performing a criminal act.The theory of crime by Gottfredson and Hirschi regarding the early age of 7 or 8 also entails that the longitudinal analysis of crime is not necessary and that age-correlated theories of crime are confusing.The general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi also considers the fundamental argument regarding age and the unlawful act.   It is actually different from what is presented at general courses in criminology regarding the analysis of age-crime correlations and social factors that are related to crime.A distinction of the general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi is that the age-crime linkage is ve ry different through time, location and culture that the age-crime correlation is irrelevant of any social explanation.   Their general theory of crime also describes that criminals continue to perform unlawful acts of crime even during marriage and eventually end up as unmarried criminals.The same thing goes with offenders who are currently employed—these individuals generally continue on as offenders and the only difference after some time is that they lose their jobs.The general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi thus presents an argument against the connection of crime with marriage and employment thus showing that a criminal is incompetent in maintaining a relationship in a marriage or a commitment to work because he is commonly known as person of very low command of his control.Their presentation of the force behind criminality is thus focused on self-control and the authors point out that most investigations regarding criminality do not include this concept.à ‚  The authors explain that most of the concepts on crime describe the possible notions of the criminal.   Gottfredson and Hirschi thus provide a revolutionary concept of crime that describes that the nature of crime is actually simple because it easily connects the concept of individuals and their immediate environment.They proposed that most crimes are easily performed because there is no need for complex preparations.   In addition, a criminal act does not actually impart a lot of deleterious consequences.   They describe that crimes usually happen late at night or very early in the morning to any individual.   There is also no requirement for training or skills to perform a criminal act.The authors also explain the concept that crime does not pay because most criminal acts result in small to negligible benefits.   In the cases that do provide any benefits, the criminals tend to fail with the criminal act or they are highly exposed thus resulting in a lot of risks such as being caught and eventually put in jail.The general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi also present the conditions that make a situation conducive to crime.   They describe that routine activities play an important factor for a crime to happen because these provide the predictability of the movements and activities of the target individual.Criminals often study how their target victim goes around, comes home or leaves the house.   If the target individual has a routine schedule that is very predictable, the criminal will have a very easy way to know  Ã‚   the best time for him to invade the house of the target victim.The same factors also influence other criminal acts such as rape, wherein the target female victim may probably pass through the same route late at night and the criminal may pick a day at that particular time when not so much people at around and he can attack his victim at the particular time when the female victim is walking along the street late at night.   These settings of predictability of routine activities are actually very beneficial to the criminal and this outweighs the risks of performing the criminal act.Other theories of crime that do not consider these features of crime generally analyze other factors that are not consistent with the empirical information about crime (Walker, 2001).   The other theories actually claim the each crime has a different force that pushes the criminal to perform such unlawful act.In addition, other theories state that substantial knowledge and training are needed in order for a criminal to successfully perform a crime.   The general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi thus provides a simple yet comprehensible explanation of the force behind criminality.SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF CRIMEThere are several sociological theories in the field of criminology.   The Social Control Theory explains that the utilization of the socialization procedure and social learning results in self- control and decreases the chances that an individual will succumb to an anti-social type of behavior.This theory was strongly addressed by Travis Hirschi and it follows the Positivist, Neo-Classical and Right Realism schools of thought (Akers, 2000).   This theory resulted from the Functionalist concepts of crime and suggests that there are four modes of control.The first mode of control is direct, which pertains to imminent punishment based on unlawful action.   This mode of control is also associated with rewards in the case the compliance of the individual is observed.The second mode of control is indirect, which pertains to desistance in performing unlawful acts due to his conscience.   Another mode of control is internal, which is related to self-identification of delinquency and its associated pain and disappointment to the people around the individual.A fourth type of control is satisfaction, wherein an individual will not perform an evil act if he is content with his c urrent conditions.   Hence the Social Control Theory suggests that individuals will not perform any criminal act if their relationships, value and beliefs are intact.The Strain Theory of criminology explains that the society and its related levels and sublevels persuade individuals to perform criminal acts (Agnew, 1992).   This theory was proposed by Emile Durkheim and was further supported by Merton, Cohen and Messner and Rosenfeld.   It has been determined that strain may be of two levels.Structural strain pertains to the processes in society that influence an individual’s perception of his needs.   On the other hand, individual strain pertains to the hostility and suffering that an individual experiences during his search for things that will make him happy.   Hence the strain theories present the connection between structural and functional bases for criminal actions.The structural basis for criminality explains the processes behind actions, as well as finding a n event with a bigger concept of sites, distances and associations.   The functional basis for criminality explains how independent sections fit and result as a bigger system.   Hence all systems are influenced by sections that cooperate with each other and that any impediment that occurs in a particular section will result in a failure of the entire system.This means that either a replacement or a repair should be performed in order to make a system functional again.

Water Rocket Lab Report Cindy Essays

Water Rocket Lab Report Cindy Essays Water Rocket Lab Report Cindy Paper Water Rocket Lab Report Cindy Paper We will measure the ranges,maximum altitudes and air time in order to have a better understanding of the projectile motion-As the practical situation which includes the air resistance and different kinds of errors caused by students carelessness s different from the theory,it is unavoidable that the results are quite different from the theoretic statistics. The horizontal velocity is related to the range, while the vertical velocity is related to the maximum altitude. This experiment can help us reinforce the concepts related to the motion in two dimensions although the water rocket does not have the ideal situation. A lot of equations we learned in class can help our group calculate the range and maximum altitude. Introduction Purpose: The purpose of the experiment was to reinforce the concepts related to motion n two dimensions using water rocket launches and the calculations necessary to determine launch speed and range. Background: (1) Because the water rockets are essentially pressurized chambers, they have the same launch speed, regardless of launch angle. (2) Ignoring air drag, a projectile will take the same time for its horizontal motion and its vertical motion. 2) Neglecting air drag, the horizontal velocity of a projectile will remain constant. (3) The vertical motion will have constant acceleration, g. Equations: R = box [ vertical motion] sys = vote + h g to horizontal motion] A hypothesis: The water rocket which is launched at different angles will fly into different heights in the sky and each time it will have different ranges when it drops. Method Materials The materials which ar e prepared to be used for this experiment are a timer, a water rocket, a meter ruler, a launch pad. Procedure Firstly,we need to set the rocket on the ground so that the barrel is exactly vertical. Then we can fire it vertically two or three times, using stopwatches to clock total air time,determining average air time for the vertical launch. Secondly,we are supposed to use the vertical motion equation to find the launch velocity, FL_, which, in this case only, is equal to boy. Thirdly,we need to calculate the horizontal and vertical components of the launch velocity for each of the 300, 45[], and 600 launches, and make a component vector diagram for each of the launch angles like the following diagram. FL = 30 m/s Ivy = sin 200 m/s 200 Example: Vs.. = coos 200 m/s As result,we can calculate the range, R, for launch at each angle. Elf you are willing to set a flag on the field at that distance from the rocket,you can do t. Finally,remember to measure the launch angle and secure the rocket barrel to fire at each of the angles just once, setting a flag where the rocket lands each time and measuring only the difference in range between the two flags to use in calculating percent error. Also remember to measure and record the air time for each launch. Results Important results in verbal form All of the useful lunch angles are 30 degree, 60 degree and 45 degree. The percentage errors of the data of angle Isis the Therefore, our group will mainly use the data of this angle. Calculated Range at 45 degree s 32. Mm. Vertical Displacement at 45 degree is calculated to be 15. 5 m. The measured time at 45 degree is 2. As. Discussion Discuss sources of error and calculate percentage errors on the three ranges, using the calculated range as the accepted value. Sources of errors: 1. The people who look at the protractor may be distracted by the objective factors, so the measured time is not accurate. 2. When students measure the range, it is difficult to have the right range as we cant measure in a straight line. 3. The water rocket may not be able to fall at the exact point on the land. It may leap because of the force. As a result, the range cannot be determined accurately. 4. The air resistance may hamper the flying of the water rocket. 5. Sometimes the water rocket may fly to the reverse direction. 6. Students may make a mistake when they write down the data . They may put the data in a wrong place. Launch angle(degrees) Percentage errors 30 27% 45 0. 3% 60 48. 9% Plot Calculated Range vs.. Launch Angle for all four launch angles. Examine: The range of the water rocket is the largest when the launch angle is 50 Meaning: When the launch angle is smaller than 450, the bigger the launch angle, the larger the range will be. If the launch angle is bigger than 450, the larger the launch angle, the smaller the range will be. Plot Vertical Displacement vs.. Time for one of the launch angles (except 900). Meaning: The vertical displacement is related to the time. As the time goes by, the water rocket will get higher when the initial velocity is invariable. Plot Horizontal Displacement vs.. Time: for one of the launch angles (except 900) Meaning: The horizontal displacement is related to the time. As the time goes by, the water rocket will go farther when the initial velocity is invariable. The water rocket has the largest horizontal displacement when the launch angle is 450. What effect do you think air drag had on your results? The air drag may shorten the range of the water rocket. The air drag will reduce the magnitude of velocity The air drag can change the direction of the water rocket and make it fall down immediately The ways that the experiment might be improved or varied. 1 . Students can use more advanced equipment to measure the air time and he range instead of using the protractor and the meter-ruler. 2. In the four experiments, we can control the pressure and the quantity of the water to remain the same. 3. Students can make a stream-line water rocket to reduce the air drag and make the stream easy to go through. 4. Students can use lighter materials to make the water rocket. 5. According to the physical theory, the water rocket can reach its largest range when it is launched at the 45 degree. However, during the experiment, we had better launch it at the angle between 45 and 55 o reach its largest range. 6. The top of the water rocket should be pointed so the air drag can be reduced. 7. In order to increase the stability of the water rocket, students can use the tripod as the launching pad. 8. To Increase the speed of the water rocket is to increase the amount of water per unit of time. Therefore, the pressure of the water inside the water rocket and the quantity of the water are appropriate for the largest range. Explanation of the results. These results show that our water rocket goes through a projectile motion, specially the one launched at 45 degree, because the percentage is only 0. 3%. Conclusion The air resistance and objective factors influence the examination of the theory of projectile motion. If these factors were eliminated, even though it is not possible, the results of the experiments can be more accurate and convincing. The experiments really make us understand that the range of the projectile in the motion in two dimensions is determined by the initial velocity and the air time. The horizontal velocity is related to the range, while the vertical velocity is related o the maximum altitude. This experiment can help us reinforce the concepts related to the motion in two dimensions although the water rocket does not have the ideal situation. The biggest success is that when the water rocket is launched at the 45 angle, the range is the biggest, which concurs with the theory. References http://item. Taboo. Com/item. Tm? Sum=al z. 2. 9. 194. Shedsid Douglas C. Conical: Chapter 2-3 PEP- pep Physics-principles with Applications for AP Group members: Fife, Ivy. Appendix A Table A The data of the experiment.